Oktobra sākumā Briselē un novembra sākumā Strasbūrā man bija tas gods piedalīties un uzstāties cilvēktiesību aizstāvju konferencēs. Strasbūras konferences saturu palīdzēju pat veidot, jo biju konferences gatavošanas darba grupas locekle. Ir ļoti patīkami, ka tieši Mozaīkai ir iespēja aktualizēt LGBT jautājumus un pārstāvēt Eiropas LGBT tiesību aizstāvjus Eiropas mērogā kopā ar citu sabiedrības grupu tiesību aizstāvjiem. Jāteic arī, ka tikai kopš nesena laika LGBT tiesību aizstāvju problēmām tiek pievērsta īpaša uzmanība Eiropas Savienības, Eiropas Padomes un nu jau arī ANO mērogā.
Ar jēdziena “cilvēktiesību aizstāvis” juridisko nozīmi iepazinos pagājušā gada novembrī Dublinā, kad piedalījos starptautiskās cilvēktiesību organizācijas “Frontline” reizi divos gados organizētajā Dublinas platformā, uz kuru sabrauc cilvēktiesību aizstāvji no visām pasaules malām.
Abas augstākminētās konferences rīkoja attiecīgi Eiropas Savienība un Eiropas Padome par godu Vispārējās cilvēktiesību deklarācijas 60. gadadienai. Tiesa, tas nebija vienīgais iemesls. Mazāk zināms ir fakts, ka šogad aprit 10 gadi, kopš ANO tika pieņemta deklarācija par indivīdu, grupu un sabiedrības organizāciju tiesībām un atbildību veicināt un aizsargāt vispārēji atzītās cilvēktiesības un pamatbrīvības (Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms). Savukārt 2008. gada februārī Eiropas Padomes Ministru komiteja pieņēma deklarāciju par Eiropas Padomes darbībām, lai uzlabotu cilvēktiesību aizstāvju aizsardzību un veicinātu to darbību (Declaration of the Committee of Ministers on Council of Europe action to improve the protection of human rights defenders and promote their activities).
Jāatzīst, ka meklētājos neatradu abu minēto dokumentu tulkojumus latviešu valodā. Šo trūkumu noteikti vajadzētu novērst, jo Latvijā valda īpaša neizpratne par cilvēktiesību jautājumiem vispār, kur nu vēl par to, kas tie cilvēktiesību aizstāvji tādi ir. Atmosfērā, kurā Mozaīkas cilvēki tiek dēvēti par „perversijas sludinātājiem”, „ekstrēmistiem” un kā tik vēl ne, būtu ļoti svarīgi turpināt atkārtot, kāda tad ir patiesība. Vēl jo vairāk, ja daudzi „zinātāji” ir varas pārstāvji. Tieši tāpēc ir vērts īpaši izcelt valsts pienākumus attiecībā uz cilvēktiesību aizstāvju darbības nodrošināšanu. Lūk, daži no tiem, kas minēti ANO cilvēktiesību aizstāvju deklarācijā:
Art. 2 1. Each State has a prime responsibility and duty to protect, promote and implement all human rights and fundamental freedoms, inter alia, by adopting such steps as may be necessary to create all conditions necessary in the social, economic, political and other fields, as well as the legal guarantees required to ensure that all persons under its jurisdiction, individually and in association with others, are able to enjoy all those rights and freedoms in practice.
2. Each State shall adopt such legislative, administrative and other steps as may be necessary to ensure that the rights and freedoms referred to in the present Declaration are effectively guaranteed.
Art. 8 1. Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to have effective access, on a non-discriminatory basis, to participation in the government of his or her country and in the conduct of public affairs.
2. This includes, inter alia, the right, individually and in association with others, to submit to governmental bodies and agencies and organizations concerned with public affairs criticism and proposals for improving their functioning and to draw attention to any aspect of their work that may hinder or impede the promotion, protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Art. 9 1. In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those rights.
2. To this end, everyone whose rights or freedoms are allegedly violated has the right, either in person or through legally authorized representation, to complain to and have that complaint promptly reviewed in a public hearing before an independent, impartial and competent judicial or other authority established by law and to obtain from such an authority a decision, in accordance with law, providing redress, including any compensation due, where there has been a violation of that person's rights or freedoms, as well as enforcement of the eventual decision and award, all without undue delay.
3. To the same end, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, inter alia:
(a) To complain about the policies and actions of individual officials and governmental bodies with regard to violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, by petition or other appropriate means, to competent domestic judicial, administrative or legislative authorities or any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, which should render their decision on the complaint without undue delay;
(b) To attend public hearings, proceedings and trials so as to form an opinion on their compliance with national law and applicable international obligations and commitments;
(c) To offer and provide professionally qualified legal assistance or other relevant advice and assistance in defending human rights and fundamental freedoms.
4. To the same end, and in accordance with applicable international instruments and procedures, everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to unhindered access to and communication with international bodies with general or special competence to receive and consider communications on matters of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
5. The State shall conduct a prompt and impartial investigation or ensure that an inquiry takes place whenever there is reasonable ground to believe that a violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms has occurred in any territory under its jurisdiction.
Art. 12 1. Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to participate in peaceful activities against violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
2. The State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection by the competent authorities of everyone, individually and in association with others, against any violence, threats, retaliation, de facto or de jure adverse discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action as a consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the present Declaration.
3. In this connection, everyone is entitled, individually and in association with others, to be protected effectively under national law in reacting against or opposing, through peaceful means, activities and acts, including those by omission, attributable to States that result in violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as acts of violence perpetrated by groups or individuals that affect the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Īpaši interesants man šķiet deklarācijas 14. un 15. pants:
Art. 14 1. The State has the responsibility to take legislative, judicial, administrative or other appropriate measures to promote the understanding by all persons under its jurisdiction of their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights.
2. Such measures shall include, inter alia:
(a) The publication and widespread availability of national laws and regulations and of applicable basic international human rights instruments;
(b) Full and equal access to international documents in the field of human rights, including the periodic reports by the State to the bodies established by the international human rights treaties to which it is a party, as well as the summary records of discussions and the official reports of these bodies.
3. The State shall ensure and support, where appropriate, the creation and development of further independent national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms in all territory under its jurisdiction, whether they be ombudsmen, human rights commissions or any other form of national institution.
Art. 15 The State has the responsibility to promote and facilitate the teaching of human rights and fundamental freedoms at all levels of education and to ensure that all those responsible for training lawyers, law enforcement officers, the personnel of the armed forces and public officials include appropriate elements of human rights teaching in their training programme.
Par to, cik čakli mūsu valsts cenšas sekot deklarācijā minētajam, katrs varam izdarīt secinājumus paši…
Evita
